4.6 Article

Biotelemetry and Wireless Powering of Biomedical Implants Using a Rectifier Integrated Self-Diplexing Implantable Antenna

Journal

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
Volume 69, Issue 7, Pages 3438-3451

Publisher

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2021.3065560

Keywords

Biotelemetry; energy harvesting; implantable antenna; medical implants; rectifier; wide input power range; wireless power transfer (WPT)

Funding

  1. Abu-Dhabi Department of Education and Knowledge (ADEK) Award for Research Excellence 2019 [AARE19-245]
  2. Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2019R1A2C2004774]
  3. National Research Foundation of Korea [2019R1A2C2004774, 4199990114252] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)

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This article introduces an efficient WPTS for multipurpose biomedical implants, which includes an implantable antenna, rectifier, and WPT Tx. The system can transfer data and recharge devices simultaneously. The components operate at 1470 MHz, with the self-diplexing antenna also working at 915 MHz.
This article proposes an efficient and complete wireless power transfer (WPT) system (WPTS) for multipurpose biomedical implants. The WPTS is composed of a self-diplexing implantable antenna, efficient rectifier, and WPT transmitter (WPT Tx). The proposed system is capable of simultaneously transmitting recorded data and recharging the batteries of the devices (so as to elongate the implant life). The WPT Tx occupies dimensions of 50 x 50 x 1.6 mm(3) and is optimized to effectively transfer power at 1470 MHz to a 55-mm deep implantable device. An efficient and compact (3.4 x 6.7 mm(2)) rectifier is used at 1470 MHz to convert the harvested RF power into a useful direct current (dc) power. The proposed rectifier circuit exhibits a high conversion efficiency of 50% even at an input power of -14 dBm and maximum efficiency of 76.1% at 2 dBm. The proposed self-diplexing implantable antenna occupies small dimensions (9.4 mm(3)) and operates at 915 and 1470 MHz by exciting ports 1 and 2, respectively. The biotelemetry operation is performed using a 915 MHz band (port 1), and the rectifier circuit is connected to port 2 (1470 MHz) to perform wireless powering. The simulated results are validated by examining the individual elements (WPT Tx, rectifier, and self-diplexing antenna) and overall WPTS in a saline solution and minced pork. The results prove that the proposed scheme is suitable for biotelemetry and wireless powering of biomedical implants.

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