Journal
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
Volume 21, Issue 11, Pages 12531-12544Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2020.3045660
Keywords
Sensors; Magnetic sensors; Magnetometers; Magnetic hysteresis; Magnetic tunneling; Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy; Magnetic domains; AMR; calibration; fluxgate; GMI; GMR; hall effect; magnetic sensors; magnetic shielding; magnetometer
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This review paper explores the common technologies of vector magnetic field sensors, presenting the physical phenomena, structure, operating principles, error sources, calibration techniques, and application examples of each sensor.
This review paper explores the most common technologies of vector magnetic field sensors. Specifically, the AMR, GMR, TMR, GMI, Hall, Fluxgate, Search Coil and SQUID sensors are considered. The physical phenomena that permit their operation as well as the structure and operating principles of each sensor are presented. In addition, the basic linear, time-invariant error sources of magnetic sensors are described along with some popular calibration techniques. Finally, some representative application examples of each sensor are described.
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