Protective effect of dexmedetomidine on neuronal hypoxic injury through inhibition of miR-134

Article Chemistry, Applied

Structure, antioxidant property and protection on PC12 of a polysaccharide isolated and screened from Abelmoschus esculentus L.Moench (okra)

Li-Chao Pan et al.

Summary: AeP-P-2, a pectic polysaccharide extracted from okra fruit pods, showed strong antioxidant properties and cell protective effects against oxidative damage.

NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

Sepsis and Cerebral Dysfunction: BBB Damage, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Autophagy as Key Mediators and the Potential Therapeutic Approaches

Ming Gu et al.

Summary: Sepsis-associated cerebral dysfunction is a complex pathology resulting from primary infections, affecting vulnerable populations like neonates, elderly individuals, and chronically ill patients. Various methods, including electrophysiological recordings and imaging techniques, are used for detection and diagnosis. Mechanisms involve blood-brain barrier permeability, metalloprotease activity, and other factors leading to cerebrovascular damage.

NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ubiquitin signalling in neurodegeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

Marlene F. Schmidt et al.

Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive nervous system damage, such as the selective loss of vulnerable neurons, leading to motor symptoms and cognitive decline. The primary risk factor for these diseases is aging, which results in reduced proteasomal degradation and autophagy, leading to the accumulation of neurotoxic protein aggregates. Ubiquitin plays a critical role in both degradation pathways and non-degradative signaling, implicating it as a potential target for new drugs to treat neurodegenerative diseases.

CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Dexmedetomidine-up-regulated microRNA-381 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in rats with cerebral ischaemic injury via the transcriptional factor IRF4

Hua Fang et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that in rats with cerebral ischaemic injury, down-regulated miR-381 and up-regulated IRF4 were observed. Treatment with Dex and overexpression of miR-381, or silencing IRF4 improved neurological function and inhibited neuron cell apoptosis. Dex also increased miR-381 expression and reduced IRF4 expression to decrease IL-9 expression, which ultimately suppressed inflammation response in vivo and in vitro.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Protective Effect of Ferulic Acid against Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells

Hironao Nakayama et al.

Summary: Ferulic acid has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects in PC12 cells, protecting neurons from damage by inhibiting apoptosis and reducing reactive oxygen species production. It regulates protein phosphorylation, apoptosis-related proteins, and microRNA expression to mitigate oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in rat pheochromocytoma cells.

MOLECULES (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Chromone-lipoic acid conjugate: Neuroprotective agent having acceptable butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant and copper-chelation activities

Leili Jalili-Baleh et al.

Summary: Novel chromone-lipoic acid hybrids were prepared and evaluated for their neuroprotection and anticholinesterase activity. Compound 19 showed the most potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibition and significant neuroprotection, making it a hopeful multifunctional agent in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

DARU-JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Pathology

Up-regulation of miRNA-151-3p enhanced the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine against β-amyloid by targeting DAPK-1 and TP53

Yan Guo et al.

Summary: The study revealed that Dex can reduce the toxicity of beta-amyloid on neuronal cells while also activating some pro-apoptotic signals. miRNA-151-3p enhances the neuroprotective effect of Dex against beta-amyloid by targeting DAPK-1 and TP53.

EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Transgenic expression of SOD1 specifically in neurons of Sod1 deficient mice prevents defects in muscle mitochondrial function and calcium handling

Yu Su et al.

Summary: Restoring CuZnSOD specifically in neurons of mice deficient in SOD can prevent muscle atrophy and loss of force, and restore mitochondrial function, ROS generation, and calcium handling levels. This suggests that intact neuronal function and innervation are key to maintaining excitation-contraction coupling and muscle mitochondrial function.

FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Effects of statins on mitochondrial pathways

Hamid Mollazadeh et al.

Summary: Statins, commonly used for treating hyperlipidaemia, have pleiotropic effects on atherosclerosis, but can also lead to adverse reactions like myopathy. Studies indicate that statins impact mitochondrial function in various ways, potentially contributing to the onset of additional pathological conditions.

JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE (2021)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles: A double-edged sword in central nervous system disorders

Shu Zhao et al.

Summary: Recent studies have shown that astrocytes release extracellular vesicles (AEVs) to communicate with other brain cells, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurobiological diseases. AEVs have both detrimental and beneficial effects, contributing to disease progression and neuroprotection/neuroregeneration. They hold potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for neurological disorders.

NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Surgery

The effect of dexmedetomidine on gastric ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Biochemical and histopathological evaluation

Ufuk Kuyrukluyildiz et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on gastric injury induced by ischemia reperfusion in rats. Results showed that dexmedetomidine prevented oxidative damage on the stomach by increasing the antioxidant effect, suggesting its potential usefulness in the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion-related gastric damage.

ACTA CIRURGICA BRASILEIRA (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Inhibitors of Src Family Kinases, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, and NADPH Oxidase as Potential CNS Drug Targets for Neurological Diseases

Meghan C. Gage et al.

Summary: Nerve cell death, oxidative stress, and brain inflammation are common pathological processes in neurological diseases, mediated through glial cell changes. Src family kinases, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and NADPH oxidase are potential drug targets. Neurological diseases share inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, with phenotypic and molecular changes in glial cells and neurons presenting targets for disease modification.

CNS DRUGS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology