Journal
HEART & LUNG
Volume 50, Issue 4, Pages 504-524Publisher
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.02.016
Keywords
Cardiac rehabilitation; Secondary prevention; Cardiovascular diseases; Exercise; Review; Risk reduction
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Maintenance cardiac rehabilitation can lower LDL levels and improve quality of life, with varying effects on women and more focus needed on their outcomes.
Phase III/IV cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is recommended to promote maintenance of benefits achieved during Phase II; there has been no meta-analysis to test this to date. This study determined the effects of maintenance CR on any outcome, with consideration of sex. Seven databases were searched from inception-January 2020. Randomized controlled trials on the effects of maintenance CR in cardiovascular disease patients who had graduated from CR were included. Level of evidence was evaluated with GRADEPro. 819 citations were identified, with 10 trials (21 papers) included (5238 participants; 859 [16.4%] female). Maintenance CR resulted in lower low-density lipoprotein (mean difference [MD] = -0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.06 - -0.10, n = 392) and greater quality of life (MD = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.05-0.52, n = 118) when compared to usual care only. Outcomes for women and sex differences were mixed. In conclusion, maintenance programs appear to sustain patient's quality of life, but more focus on women's outcomes is needed. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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