Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 48, Issue 13, Pages -Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2021GL093518
Keywords
nonlinear elasticity; empirical Green's functions; solid earth tides; San Andreas Fault; fault damage zone; hysteresis
Categories
Funding
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division [89233218CNA000001]
- University of Vienna
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
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Rocks exhibit complex nonlinear elastic and anelastic behavior in the laboratory, showing important relationships with stress, strain, and porosity. Near the San Andreas Fault, strong nonlinear elastic behavior characterizing the damage zone is observed, while away from the fault, this behavior diminishes.
Rocks are heterogeneous materials that exhibit nonlinear elastic (anelastic) behavior at scales ranging from the laboratory to Earth. In the laboratory, typical, complex relationships exist between stress and strain that include hysteresis, finite relaxation times, strain rate, and history dependence. These behaviors are linked to important characteristics such as stress, porosity, permeability, material integrity, and material failure. We adopted a pump-probe type experiment common in laboratory studies, using solid earth tides as the low-frequency pump and empirical Green's function as the high-frequency probe. By probing the velocity at different points in the pump cycle, we constrained important information about the strain-modulus relationship. Near the San Andreas Fault, we observed strongly nonlinear elastic behavior that characterizes the damage zone. We also constrained important aspects of hysteretic behavior that are related to damage properties and possibly pore pressure. Away from the fault, the nonlinear behavior is diminished.
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