Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 48, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2021GL093419
Keywords
radiocarbon; tree rings; solar energetic particle; cosmogenic nuclide; solar activity
Categories
Funding
- JSPS Kakenhi [JP26887019, JP16H06005, JP20H05643]
- JSPS Program for Advancing Strategic International Networks to Accelerate the Circulation of Talented Researchers [G2602]
- Academy of Finland [288083, 288267]
- US National Science Foundation P2C2 program [1902625]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I-1183-N19]
- European Union
- State of Hungary
- European Regional Development Fund [GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00009]
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1902625] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [288083, 288083] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
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The C-14 data in tree rings indicate an extreme solar energetic particle event around 5410 BCE, similar to previously reported events in 774/775 CE, 992/993 CE, and around 660 BCE.
The annual C-14 data in tree rings is an outstanding proxy for uncovering extreme solar energetic particle (SEP) events in the past. Signatures of extreme SEP events have been reported in 774/775 CE, 992/993 CE, and similar to 660 BCE. Here, we report another rapid increase of C-14 concentration in tree rings from California, Switzerland, and Finland around 5410 BCE. These C-14 data series show a significant increase of similar to 6 parts per thousand in 5411-5410 BCE. The signature of C-14 variation is very similar to the confirmed three SEP events and points to an extreme short-term flux of cosmic ray radiation into the atmosphere. The rapid C-14 increase in 5411/5410 BCE rings occurred during a period of high solar activity and 60 years after a grand C-14 excursion during 5481-5471 BCE. The similarity of our C-14 data to previous events suggests that the origin of the 5410 BCE event is an extreme SEP event.
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