Journal
GENOMICS
Volume 113, Issue 5, Pages 2925-2933Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.028
Keywords
Cetacean flipper; Overexpression of Hoxd13; Molecular evolution
Funding
- National Key Programme of Research and Development, Ministry of Science and Technology [2016YFC0503200]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [32070409, 31772448]
- NSFC [31872219, 31900321, 32030011, 31630071]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province
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Overexpression of bottlenose dolphin Hoxd13 in zebrafish revealed that the Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways, along with multiple genes, might regulate hyperphalangy development in cetaceans. Additionally, the Notch and Mapk signaling pathways, as well as Fgfr1, are likely correlated with interdigital tissues retained in the cetacean flipper.
Cetaceans have evolved elongated soft-tissue flipper with digits made of hyperphalangy. Cetaceans were found to have 2-3 more alanine residues in Hoxd13 than other mammals, which were suggested to be related to their flipper. However, how Hoxd13 regulates other genes and induces hyperphalangy in cetaceans remain poorly understood. Here, we overexpressed the bottlenose dolphin Hoxd13 in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Combined with transcriptome data and evolutionary analyses, our results revealed that the Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) and Hedgehog signaling pathways and multiple genes might regulate hyperphalangy development in cetaceans. Meanwhile, the Notch and mitogen-activated protein kinase (Mapk) signaling pathways and Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (Fgfr1) are probably correlated with interdigital tissues retained in the cetacean flipper. In conclusion, this is the first study to use a transgenic zebrafish to explore the molecular evolution of Hoxd13 in cetaceans, and it provides new insights into cetacean flipper formation.
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