Journal
FUEL
Volume 300, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120996
Keywords
Furfural; gamma-Valerolactone; Magnetic multifunctional catalyst; Cascade reaction; Transfer hydrogenation
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [22078139, 22068022, 21965018]
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A magnetically-recoverable multifunctional catalyst was tailored for the conversion of furfural to gamma-valerolactone, achieving a high yield with iso-propanol as a hydrogen donor and solvent. The catalyst showed good reusability and sustainability with the process intensification based on one-pot reaction and mild operating conditions without gaseous hydrogen.
A magnetically-recoverable multifunctional catalyst (Fe3O4/ZrO2@MCM-41) was tailored by the impregnation of ZrO2 supported on mesoporous MCM-41 coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which successfully served as a monolithic catalyst for the cascade conversion of furfural (FAL) giving high yield to gamma-valerolactone (GVL), a versatile platform molecule. The ordered hexagonal framework of the parent MCM-41 well reserved after the embedding of Fe3O4 and ZrO2. The incorporation of Fe3O4 could not only impart the catalyst with a strong magnetism, but also tune its acidity to promote GVL production. An impressive yield of 85% was accomplished straight from FAL processing with iso-propanol as a hydrogen donor and solvent. The kinetic study demonstrated higher activation energy for levulinate-to-GVL step (86.9 kJ/mol) than FAL transfer hydrogenation (35.0 kJ/mol) and subsequent alcoholysis process (51.0 kJ/mol). The catalyst could be fully recovered by an external magnetic field and showed good reusability. The sustainability of this conversion represents greatly improved by the process intensification based on one-pot reaction, magnetically-recoverable multifunctional catalyst, and mild operating conditions without using gaseous hydrogen.
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