Journal
FUEL
Volume 293, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120440
Keywords
Hydrogen evolution reaction; Biomass; Carbon material; Transition metal; Electrocatalyst
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation [51878145, 51861145102]
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program [BE2020114]
- EPSRC [EP/R029598/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Carbon-based electrocatalysts derived from biomass show promise for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), especially when decorated with transition metals and trace amounts of precious metals to enhance activity. However, challenges remain in understanding conversion mechanisms, metal modifications, reproducibility, and integration with renewable energy equipment.
Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) involving electrocatalytic process is established as a promising and non-pollution method for hydrogen production. The cheap alternatives of precious-metal electrocatalysts with high activity and robust stability is essential for the high-scale application of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Recently, carbon-based electrocatalysts derived from biomass have attracted more and more attentions with thanks to their characteristics as low-cost, renewable, abundantly distributed and environmentally friendly. In this work, the original carbon material derived from biomass and the one doped with N and/or S as HER electrocatalysts are intensively overviewed regarding to the electrochemical performance and hydrogen yield. The overpotential at 10 mA cm(-2) (eta(10)) is generally greater than 100 mV, which is far inferior to Pt-based catalysts. Consequently, biomass-based carbon materials decorated by transition metal and/or trace amount precious metal were introduced for improving the HER performance. The synergistic effect between metals and heteroatoms can significantly enhance the electrocatalytic activity, and the smallest value of eta(10) is 10 mV. The limitations and challenges in this area were also addressed as (1) the in-depth investigation of conversion and electrocatalytic mechanism, (2) metal modification via in-situ growth, (3) the reproducibility for biomass transformation, and (4) the catalyst assembly with renewable energy equipment.
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