Journal
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 172, Issue -, Pages 652-667Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.013
Keywords
Amyloid precursor protein; Amyloid beta; Autophagy; Mitophagy; Oxidative phosphorylation; Phosphorylated tau
Funding
- NIH [AG042178, AG047812, NS105473, AG060767, AG069333, AG066347, AG063162, K99AG065645]
- Alzheimer's Association through a SAGA grant
- Garrison Family Foundation
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Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by multiple cellular changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and brain damage, ultimately leading to cognitive impairment.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive impairments. AD is marked by multiple cellular changes, including deregulation of microRNAs, activation of glia and astrocytes, hormonal imbalance, defective mitophagy, synaptic degeneration, in addition to extracellular neuritic amyloid-beta (A beta) plaques, phosphorylated tau (P-tau), and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Recent research in AD revealed that defective synaptic mitophagy leads to synaptic degeneration and cognitive dysfunction in AD neurons. Our critical analyses of mitochondria and A beta and P-tau revealed that increased levels of A beta and P-Tau, and abnormal interactions between A beta and Drp1, P-Tau and Drp1 induced increased mitochondrial fragmentation and proliferation of dysfunctional mitochondria in AD neurons and depleted Parkin and PINK1 levels. These events ultimately lead to impaired clearance of dead and/or dying mitochondria in AD neurons. The purpose of our article is to highlight the recent research on mitochondria and synapses in relation to A beta and P-tau, focusing on recent developments.
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