Anatomical Study of Sinus Tarsi-Based Lateral Lengthening Calcaneal Osteotomy

Background: Lateral lengthening calcaneal osteotomy (LL-CO) is commonly performed as a treatment for an abducted midfoot in pes planovalgus deformity. The purpose of this study is to investigate potential damage to medial structures with a sinus tarsi LL-CO. Methods: Sixteen cadaver feet were used. Eight feet had an extended lateral approach, and 8 had a limited lateral (sinus tarsi) approach. All underwent a sinus tarsi LL-CO. Specimens were then dissected to identify inadvertent injury to medial structures. Results: Sinus tarsi LL-CO was associated with damage to the sustentaculum tali and medial articular facets in 56% and 62.5% of specimens, respectively. No anterior or posterior facet injuries were found, although 56% of specimens had a confluent medial and anterior facet. Conclusion: Damage to the medial articular facet and sustentaculum is possible with a flat cut sinus tarsi LL-CO due to the curved nature of the relevant sinus tarsi and canal anatomy. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective cohort study.

Automated summary

Lateral lengthening calcaneal osteotomy through the sinus tarsi may cause damage to the sustentaculum tali and medial articular facets.