Journal
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume 152, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112178
Keywords
Methylmercury; Human-induced pluripotent stem cells; Developmental neurotoxicity; Glutamatergic neurons
Categories
Funding
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center [P30 CA68485]
- NIH Shared Instrumentation Grant [1S10OD018015]
- NIH/NIEHS [R01 ES07331]
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This study aimed to develop a model of MeHg neurotoxicity using human-induced pluripotent stem cells differentiating into cortical GLUergic neurons. Results showed that MeHg exposure induced changes in mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, as well as markers of neuronal differentiation.
Developmental methylmercury (MeHg) exposure selectively targets the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, as seen by disruption of cytoarchitecture and glutamatergic (GLUergic) neuron hypoplasia. To begin to understand the mechanisms of this loss of GLUergic neurons, we aimed to develop a model of developmental MeHg neurotoxicity in human-induced pluripotent stem cells differentiating into cortical GLUergic neurons. Three dosing paradigms at 0.1 mu M and 1.0 mu M MeHg, which span different stages of neurodevelopment and reflect toxicologically relevant accumulation levels seen in human studies and mammalian models, were established. With these exposure paradigms, no changes were seen in commonly studied endpoints of MeHg toxicity, including viability, proliferation, and glutathione levels. However, MeHg exposure induced changes in mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis and in markers of neuronal differentiation. Our novel data suggests that GLUergic neuron hypoplasia seen with MeHg toxicity may be due to the partial inhibition of neuronal differentiation, given the increased expression of the early dorsal forebrain marker FOXG1 and corresponding decrease in expression on neuronal markers MAP2 and DCX and the deep layer cortical neuronal marker TBR1. Future studies should examine the persistent and latent functional effects of this MeHg-induced disruption of neuronal differentiation as well as transcriptomic and metabolomic alterations that may mediate MeHg toxicity.
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