Journal
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume 152, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112218
Keywords
Selenium; Iodine; Fortification; Steaming; Seabream; Carp
Categories
Funding
- European Union [773400]
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [CEECIND/01739/2017]
- FCT MCTES [UIDB/04292/2020]
- MAR2020 program through DIVERSIAQUA II project [Mar2020-P02M01-0656P]
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Fish fortified with iodine-rich macroalgae and Selenium-rich yeast maintained enhanced nutrient levels after steaming, with fortified seabream showing increased I and Se contents and fortified carp showing increased Fe and Zn levels. Consuming these steamed fortified fish can significantly contribute to daily intake of essential nutrients like I and Se.
Fish fortification with iodine-rich macroalgae (Laminaria digitata) and Selenium-rich yeast is expected to promote nutritional added value of this crucial food item, contributing to a healthy and balanced diet for consumers. However, it is not known if steaming can affect these nutrient levels in fortified fish. The present study evaluates the effect of steaming on nutrients contents in fortified farmed gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fortified seabream presented enhanced I, Se and Fe contents, whereas fortified carp presented enhanced I, Se and Zn contents. Steaming resulted in increased I and Se contents in fortified seabream, and increased Fe and Zn levels in fortified carp, with higher elements true retention values (TRVs >90%). The consumption of 150 g of steamed fortified seabream contributes to a significant daily intake (DI) of I (up to 12%) and Se (up to >100%). On the other hand, steamed fortified carp contributes to 19-23% of I DI and 30%-71% of Se DI. These results demonstrate that steaming is a healthy cooking method, maintaining the enhanced nutritional quality of fortified fish. Moreover, the present fortification strategy is a promising solution to develop high-quality farmed fish products to overcome nutritional deficiencies.
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