Journal
FOOD ANALYTICAL METHODS
Volume 14, Issue 11, Pages 2386-2394Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02078-1
Keywords
Caffeine; Coffee; Beverages; Naphthalene sulfonic acid polymer-modified electrode; Voltammetry
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Funding
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal [PTDC/QEQ-QAN/2201/2014, 3599-PPCDT]
- European Community Fund FEDER
- CEMMPRE, project by FEDER funds through the program COMPETE - Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade [UIDB/00285/2020]
- FCT
- Coimbra Group through Coimbra Group Short Stay Scholarship Programme for young researchers from Sub-Saharan Africa
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A polymer film-modified electrode was developed for the determination of caffeine, demonstrating electrocatalytic effects in reducing the potential needed for caffeine oxidation and increasing the current response signal. The performance of the electrode showed excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and operational stability, successfully analyzing caffeine content in instant coffee and commercial beverages.
A polymer film-modified electrode for caffeine determination by electrooxidation has been developed by electropolymerising 7-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid on a glassy carbon electrode. Comparison of the response at the bare and modified electrodes using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry showed the electrocatalytic effect of the polymer film in reducing the potential needed for caffeine oxidation, as well as increasing the current response signal. Under optimised conditions, this simply prepared modified electrode led to detection and quantification limits of caffeine of 0.23 mu M and 0.78 mu M, respectively, and a linear dynamic range of 10-500 mu M. The developed method also showed excellent repeatability and reproducibility in addition to operational stability, with no significant change in response after fifty continuous measurements. The performance of the electrode was successfully demonstrated by analysing the caffeine content in instant coffee and in commercial beverages.
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