Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume 36, Issue 10, Pages 1981-1989Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/tox.23316
Keywords
HCC; kaempferol; migration; MMP-9
Categories
Funding
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
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Kaempferol inhibits the invasive properties of human HCC cells by targeting MMP-9 and Akt pathways, showing potential as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for the treatment of human HCC cells.
Metastasis is the most prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths and treatment failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Kaempferol is a natural flavonol belonging to the subgroup of flavonoids and exhibits potent anticancer activities. This study provides molecular evidence on the anti-invasive and anti-migratory effects of kaempferol on human HCC cells. The anti-invasive effect was investigated by applying kaempferol on two human HCC cell lines (Huh-7 and SK-Hep-1). Kaempferol reduced the invasion and migration of Huh-7 and SK-Hep-1 cells by Boyden chamber invasion assay and wound healing assay, respectively. A protease array analysis showed that Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was dramatically downregulated in HCC cells after kaempferol treatment. Gelatin zymography and Western blot assay showed that kaempferol reduced the activities and protein expression of MMP-9, respectively. Kaempferol also sufficiently suppressed the phosphorylation of the Akt expression. Overall, kaempferol inhibited the invasive properties of human HCC cells by targeting MMP-9 and Akt pathways. Hence, kaempferol could be used as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for the treatment of human HCC cells.
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