Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 28, Issue 39, Pages 54238-54259Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15598-4
Keywords
Petroleum pollution; Petroleum toxicity; Petroleum biodegradation; Environmental influence; Biodegradation techniques
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Funding
- Basic Science Research Unite, Deanship of Scientific Research, Majmaah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [R-2021-171]
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Marine environment is often impacted by petroleum pollution, with bioremediation being an attractive and cost-effective method. Success of bioremediation depends on environmental conditions and microbial degradation capabilities.
The marine environment is often affected by petroleum hydrocarbon pollution due to industrial activities and petroleum accidents. This pollution has recalcitrant and persistent compounds that pose a high risk to the ecological system and human health. For this reason, the world claims to seek to clean up these pollutants. Bioremediation is an attractive approach for removing petroleum pollution. It is considered a low-cost and highly effective approach with fewer side effects compared to chemical and physical techniques. This depends on the metabolic capability of microorganisms involved in the degradation of hydrocarbons through enzymatic reactions. Bioremediation activities mostly depend on environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, salinity, pressure, and nutrition availability. Understanding the effects of environmental conditions on microbial hydrocarbon degraders and microbial interactions with hydrocarbon compounds could be assessed for the successful degradation of petroleum pollution. The current review provides a critical view of petroleum pollution in seawater, the bioavailability of petroleum compounds, the contribution of microorganisms in petroleum degradation, and the mechanisms of degradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We consider different biodegradation approaches such as biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation.
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