Nanomaterials to help eco-friendly leather processing

The leather industry converts the hide, a byproduct of slaughterhouses, into leather, a value-added product. This old industry generates wastes, causing environmental pollution. However, nanomaterials can help to decrease this problem. These tiny particles (1-100 nm) can replace chemicals in various steps of leather processing. This paper aims at giving an overview of the fundamentals of classical leather process and how nanomaterials can be applied in each step to obtain a more sustainable manufacturing. After a comprehensive literature review of journal articles, six steps were identified for potential for application of nanomaterials: unhairing, tanning, retanning, dyeing, fatliquoring, and finishing. With nano-oxides, polymers, and metals, it is feasible to reduce the amount of chemical products and also improve the properties of leather. Thus, it is possible to reach a more eco-friendly and effective process with the use of nanomaterials to turn hide/skins into finished leather.

Automated summary

The leather industry, while generating waste and causing pollution, can benefit from the use of nanomaterials to make the leather processing steps more sustainable. By reducing chemical usage and improving leather properties with nano-oxides, polymers, and metals, it is possible to achieve a more eco-friendly and effective process.