Investigation and disinfection of bacteria and fungi in sports fitness center

This study investigated the air quality improvement in terms of bacterial and fungal contamination in an exercise room of a fitness center under normal operating conditions. Environmental conditions including air conditioning, ventilation, moisture, CO2, particulate matters, and total number of users were also recorded. In addition, fungal and bacterial load were assessed and disinfection on sports equipment surface was also examined. Background bacteria and fungi densities in bioaerosols were in the range of 249 +/- 65 to 812 +/- 111 CFU/m(3) and 226 +/- 39 to 837 +/- 838 CFU/m(3) in the exercise room of the fitness center and 370 +/- 86 to 953 +/- 136 CFU/m(3) and 465 +/- 108 to 1734 +/- 580 CFU/m(3) in the outdoor air, respectively. Chlorine dioxide and weak acid hypochlorous water aerosols could remove both bacteria and fungi much better than water scrubbing. Contact time of 15 min was sufficient to control both bacteria and fungi to comply with the official air quality standards. User density and carbon dioxide deteriorated both bacteria and fungi disinfection performance whereas temperature was only statistically significant on fungi disinfection. Other factors including relative humidity, airflow velocity, and particulate matters did not have any statistically significant effect on microbial inactivation. Apart from bioaerosol disinfection, inactivation of microorganisms on surfaces of sports equipment was also conducted using chlorine dioxide, zinc oxide, weak acid hypochlorous water, and commercial disinfectant. The surfaces of bicycle handle, dumbbell, and sit-up bench were found to be contaminated with bacteria. Overall bacterial load was 390 to 3720 CFU/cm(2) with Escherichia coli specifically 550 to 1080 CFU/cm(2). Chlorine dioxide and zinc oxide were noticeably better than weak acid hypochlorous water and commercial disinfectant in terms of bacteria inactivation whereas all tested disinfectants had comparable effectiveness on E. coli disinfection. Targeted microorganisms on the sports equipment surface were sufficiently inactivated within 2 min after the application of disinfectant.

Automated summary

This study examined the improvement of air quality in a fitness center's exercise room under normal operating conditions, focusing on bacterial and fungal contamination. Chlorine dioxide and weak acid hypochlorous water aerosols were found to be more effective in removing bacteria and fungi than water scrubbing, with a 15-minute contact time sufficient to meet air quality standards. User density and carbon dioxide levels had a significant impact on the disinfection performance of bacteria and fungi, while temperature specifically affected fungi disinfection.