Journal
FEBS LETTERS
Volume 590, Issue 21, Pages 3772-3799Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12364
Keywords
colonization; epithelial cells; mucosal immunity; Streptococcus suis; swine; zoonosis
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [NSERC] [04435, 342150, 04146]
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [812111251]
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Interactions between a bacterial pathogen and its potentially susceptible host are initiated with the colonization step. During respiratory/oral infection, the pathogens must compete with the normal microflora, resist defense mechanisms of the local mucosal immunity, and finally reach, adhere, and breach the mucosal epithelial cell barrier in order to induce invasive disease. This is the case during infection by the swine and zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis, which is able to counteract mucosal barriers to induce severe meningitis and sepsis in swine and in humans. The initial steps of the pathogenesis of S. suis infection has been a neglected area of research, overshadowed by studies on the systemic and central nervous phases of the disease. In this Review article, we provide for the first time, an exclusive focus on S. suis colonization and the potential mechanisms involved in S. suis establishment at the mucosa, as well as the mechanisms regulating mucosal barrier breakdown. The role of mucosal immunity is also addressed. Finally, we demystify the extensive list of putative adhesins and virulence factors reported to be involved in the initial steps of pathogenesis by S. suis.
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