4.7 Article

Streamflow stationarity in a changing world

Journal

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 16, Issue 6, Pages -

Publisher

IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac08c1

Keywords

streamflow stationarity; climate change; human intervention

Funding

  1. Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2019YFC1510604]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China [42041004, 42071029, 41890821]
  3. Qinghai Department of Science and Technology [2019-SF-A4]
  4. Australian Research Council [CE170100023]

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The study reveals that in catchments with minimal human disturbance, long-term annual streamflow tends to remain stationary in most cases, while in catchments with substantial human interventions, only a small percentage exhibit stationary flow. This underscores the significant impact of human activities on freshwater systems.
Whether river flows remain stationary is of great concern to hydrologists, water engineers, and society in general, yet is subject to substantial debate. Here we provide the first comprehensive assessment of the long-term stationarity of annual streamflow for 11 069 catchments globally. Our observation-based evidence shows that the long-term annual streamflow remains stationary in 79% of catchments with minimal human disturbance, indicating that historical climate change alone has not led to non-stationarity in annual streamflow series in most catchments. In direct contrast, we found streamflow has remained stationary in only 38% of those catchments where substantial human interventions have occurred. These results demonstrate the scale of the human impact on the freshwater system, and highlight the ongoing need for dealing with the impacts of direct human interventions to ensure successful water management into the future.

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