Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
Volume 193, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09250-4
Keywords
UAV; Biomass; Vegetation coverage; Yellow river sediment; Soil profile reconstruction
Categories
Funding
- National Key Technology Research and Development Program [2012BAC04B03]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41771542]
- Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [42071250]
- National Natural Science Foundation [41807511]
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The study confirmed the feasibility of using UAV systems to monitor crop growth and assess soil quality in selecting the optimal soil reconstruction profile. By monitoring and estimating different treatment profiles in the study area, the optimal soil profile combination was determined, which improved monitoring efficiency and accuracy.
Underground coal mining leads to land subsidence, and the situation is particularly serious in the Coal-Grain Complex in eastern China, causing the crop production to be reduced or to be taken out. Backfilling with Yellow River sediment is one of the effective methods to solve the land subsidence in this area, but a key issue is how to select the optimal soil reconstruction profile so that the crop yield after backfilling and reclamation is unaffected. The main purpose of this study is to verify the feasibility of selecting the optimal soil reconstruction profile by rapid monitoring of crop growth and judging soil quality with the aid of unmanned aerial vehicle systems (UAVs). A control treatment and 13 experimental treatments were established for the study area. The control treatment consisted of using 30 cm topsoil and 90 cm subsoil and the topsoil is a proxy for native (undisturbed) soil from the study sites. All other treatments consisted of using varying combinations of subsoil and sediment overlain by 30 cm of topsoil. The vegetation indices from the UAV multispectral images, and the plant height and vegetation coverage from the UAV RGB images were used for estimation of the winter wheat biomass in a random forest regression. The results showed that the random forest regression model yielded accurate estimation of the aboveground biomass. Furthermore, knowledge of plant height and vegetation coverage improved the accuracy of prediction such that crop growth was well characterized. The optimal soil profile consisted of 0.3 m topsoil + 0.2 m subsoil + 0.2 m sediment + 0.2 m subsoil + 0.3 m sediment. A fast and effective airborne monitoring method for soil quality was established, thus providing greatly improved monitoring efficiency.
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