Journal
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
Volume 152, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106450
Keywords
dibenzo-p-dioxins and; dibenzofurans (PBDD; Fs); Analysis method; Sources; Environmental characteristics; Formation mechanism
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21936007, 21906165, 91543108]
- CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team [JCTD-2019-03]
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PBDD/Fs are emerging persistent organic pollutants with potentially higher toxicities than dioxins, but accurate quantification is challenging, leading to a lack of research on toxicities, formation mechanisms, and environmental fates. Different congener profiles between PBDD/Fs and dioxins indicate their distinct sources and formation mechanisms.
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have similar or higher toxicities than the notorious dioxins. Toxicities, formation mechanisms, and environmental fates of PBDD/Fs are lacking because accurate quantification, especially of higher brominated congeners, is challenging. PBDD/F analysis is difficult because of photolysis and thermal degradation and interference from polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Here, literatures on PBDD/F analysis and environmental occurrences are reviewed to improve our understanding of PBDD/F environmental pollution and human exposure levels. Although PBDD/Fs behave similarly to dioxins, different congener profiles between PBDD/Fs and dioxins in the environment indicates their different sources and formation mechanisms. Herein, potential sources and formation mechanisms of PBDD/Fs were critically discussed, and current knowledge gaps and future directions for PBDD/F research are highlighted. An understanding of PBDD/F formation pathways will allow for development of synergistic control strategies for PBDD/Fs, dioxins, and other dioxin-like POPs.
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