Journal
ENERGIES
Volume 14, Issue 13, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/en14133732
Keywords
ammonia; renewable energy storage; hydrogen storage
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Funding
- UTS Presidential Scholarship (UTSP) program - University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
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The complexity of storage and delivery systems poses a major challenge for hydrogen as a renewable energy carrier, leading to considerations of alternative media such as ammonia. Research shows that ammonia, when contained as a liquid, has energy density suitable for effective storage of renewable energy and can be distributed through existing networks.
Global energy sources are being transformed from hydrocarbon-based energy sources to renewable and carbon-free energy sources such as wind, solar and hydrogen. The biggest challenge with hydrogen as a renewable energy carrier is the storage and delivery system's complexity. Therefore, other media such as ammonia for indirect storage are now being considered. Research has shown that at reasonable pressures, ammonia is easily contained as a liquid. In this form, energy density is approximately half of that of gasoline and ten times more than batteries. Ammonia can provide effective storage of renewable energy through its existing storage and distribution network. In this article, we aimed to analyse the previous studies and the current research on the preparation of ammonia as a next-generation renewable energy carrier. The study focuses on technical advances emerging in ammonia synthesis technologies, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and plasmacatalysis. Ammonia is now also strongly regarded as fuel in the transport, industrial and power sectors and is relatively more versatile in reducing CO2 emissions. Therefore, the utilisation of ammonia as a renewable energy carrier plays a significant role in reducing GHG emissions. Finally, the simplicity of ammonia processing, transport and use makes it an appealing choice for the link between the development of renewable energy and demand.
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