Water Cycle Algorithm Optimized Type II Fuzzy Controller for Load Frequency Control of a Multi-Area, Multi-Fuel System with Communication Time Delays

This paper puts forward the implementation of an intelligent type II fuzzy PID (T2-FPID) controller tweaked with a water cycle algorithm (WCA), subjected to an error multiplied with time area over integral (ITAE) objective index for regularizing the variations in frequency and interline power flow of an interconnected power system during load disturbances. The WCA-based T2-FPID is tested on a multi-area (MA) system comprising thermal-hydro-nuclear (THN) (MATHN) plants in each area. The dynamical behavior of the system is analyzed upon penetrating area 1 with a step load perturbation (SLP) of 10%. However, power system practicality constraints, such as generation rate constraints (GRCs) and time delays in communication (CTDs), are examined. Afterward, a territorial control scheme of a superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) and a unified power flow controller (UPFC) is installed to further enhance the system performance. The dominancy of the presented WCA-tuned T2-FPID is revealed by testing it on a widely used dual-area hydro-thermal (DAHT) power system model named test system 1 in this paper. Analysis reveals the efficacy of the presented controller with other approaches reported in the recent literature. Finally, secondary and territorial regulation schemes are subjected to sensitivity analysis to deliberate the robustness.

Automated summary

This paper proposes an intelligent type II fuzzy PID controller optimized using a water cycle algorithm for regulating frequency and power flow variations in an interconnected power system during load disturbances. The controller's dynamic behavior is analyzed on a multi-area system, considering practical constraints and further system enhancements through additional energy storage and power flow control installations. Testing on a dual-area hydro-thermal power system model shows the superiority of the proposed controller compared to other recent approaches, with sensitivity analysis conducted to discuss robustness of secondary and territorial regulation schemes.