Journal
ENERGIES
Volume 14, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/en14123472
Keywords
animal fat waste; biodiesel; second-generation biofuel; animal fat esters; diesel engine; fuel consumption; exhaust gas composition
Categories
Funding
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology
- Faculty of Production Engineering and Power Technologies, University of Agriculture in Krakow
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The authors produced biodiesel from animal fat waste, which can power diesel engines and reduce smoke opacity and carbon monoxide concentrations in exhaust gas. Although there were slight increases in nitrogen oxides concentrations and brake-specific fuel consumption for AMEs compared to diesel fuel, the study found that fueling an engine with AME biodiesel is feasible but improvements in low-temperature properties are needed.
The use of biofuel is one method for limiting the harmful impact of diesel engines on the environment. It is also a way of gradually becoming less dependent on the depleting petroleum resources. New resources for producing biodiesel are currently being sought. The authors produced esters from animal fat waste, obtaining a fuel that can power diesel engines and identifying a way to utilise unnecessary waste. The animal fat methyl ester (AME) was produced using a reactor constructed for non-industrial ester production. The aim underlying this paper was to determine whether a diesel engine can be fuelled with AME biodiesel and to test this fuel's impact on exhaust gas composition and fuel consumption. Fuelling a Perkins 1104D-44TA engine with AME biodiesel led to a reduction in the smoke opacity of the exhaust gas as well as in carbohydrate, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide concentrations. The carbon dioxide concentrations were similar for biodiesel and diesel fuel. Slight increases in nitrogen oxides concentrations and brake-specific fuel consumption were found for AMEs. An engine can be fuelled with AME biodiesel, but it is necessary to improve its low-temperature properties.
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