Comprehensive analysis of the fault inception angle influence in fault-induced traveling waves

This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the fault inception angle influence in the first wavefront of the fault-induced traveling waves (TWs) for all types of faults in a transmission line. The EMTP-ATP software simulated fault-induced TWs for all transmission line fault types considering the JMarti frequency-dependent transmission line model, whereas an emulated transmission line in an experimental setup generated faultinduced TWs of single line-to-ground faults for validating the effects of the fault inception angle. This work demonstrated that the energy of the fault-induced TWs changes with the fault inception angle according to a squared sinusoidal function, and pointed out the situations where there is no TW in each type of fault. Besides the support for a better understanding of fault-induced TWs, the analysis accomplished here will be essential for further development of TW-based detection, location, and protection methods.

Automated summary

This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the influence of fault inception angle on fault-induced traveling waves, demonstrating that the energy of these waves changes with the fault inception angle according to a squared sinusoidal function. The study also identifies situations where there is no traveling wave for each type of fault, highlighting the importance of this analysis for the development of traveling wave-based detection, location, and protection methods.