Journal
DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume 45, Issue 6, Pages 2601-2612Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1979030
Keywords
Acrylamide; oxidative stress; NF-kappa B activation; intrinsic apoptosis; protective autophagy
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China [31801668]
- 111 Project [B18022]
- Open Project Funding of the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ECUST [ZDXM2019]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [222201814036]
- Shanghai PuJiang Program [18J1401900]
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The study found that ACR can induce neurotoxicity through oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy pathways, leading to a decrease in cell viability. ACR increased ROS, MDA, and Ca2+ levels while decreasing GSH levels and mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in an increase in cell apoptosis rate.
Acrylamide (ACR) is a potential neurotoxin commonly found in the environment, as well as in food repeatedly exposed heat processing, but the mechanism underpinning ACR-induced neurotoxicity remains unclear. This study investigated the potential association and underlying signal transduction of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy associated with ACR-triggered neurotoxicity. Therefore, U87-MG cells were treated with varying ACR concentrations, while the cell activity reduction depended on the specific dosage and time parameters. Biochemical analyses showed that ACR significantly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Ca2+ levels while decreasing the glutathione (GSH) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi m), finally leading to a higher cell apoptotic rate. Moreover, ACR induced U87-MG cell apoptosis and autophagy via ROS-triggered expression in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, NF-kappa B activation, and autophagosome accumulation. In addition, the autophagosome accumulation induced by ACR could probably be ascribed to blocked autophagic flux, inhibiting the autophagosomes from combining with lysosomes, while the inhibition of autophagy caused by ACR further promoted the initiation of apoptosis. In conclusion, the results indicated that the apoptotic and autophagic pathways responded to ACR-induced neurotoxicity. However, inhibited protective autophagy further promoted apoptotic progression. New insights may be derived from these cellular responses that can help develop diverse pathway strategies for assessing the risk posed by ACR.
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