Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin by Baseline Glycemic Status: A Prespecified Analysis From the DAPA-CKD Trial

OBJECTIVE The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) study demonstrated risk reduction for kidney and cardiovascular outcomes with dapagliflozin versus placebo in participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with and without diabetes. We compared outcomes according to baseline glycemic status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We enrolled participants with CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 25-75 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio 200-5,000 mg/g. The primary composite end point was sustained eGFR decline >= 50%, end-stage kidney disease, or kidney or cardiovascular death. RESULTS Of 4,304 participants, 738 had normoglycemia, 660 had prediabetes, and 2,906 had type 2 diabetes. The effect of dapagliflozin on the primary outcome was consistent (P for interaction = 0.19) in normoglycemia (hazard ratio [HR] 0.62 [95% CI 0.39, 1.01]), prediabetes (HR 0.37 [0.21, 0.66]), and type 2 diabetes (HR 0.64 [0.52, 0.79]). We found no evidence for effect modification on any outcome. Adverse events were similar, with no major hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis in participants with normoglycemia or prediabetes. CONCLUSIONS Dapagliflozin safely reduced kidney and cardiovascular events independent of baseline glycemic status.

Automated summary

The DAPA-CKD study demonstrated that dapagliflozin can reduce the risk of kidney and cardiovascular adverse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease, regardless of their baseline glycemic status. The effect of dapagliflozin on key outcomes remained consistent across different glycemic statuses, without significant adverse events reported.