Nanomaterials and Stem Cell Differentiation Potential: An Overview of Biological Aspects and Biomedical Efficacy

Nanoparticles (NPs), due to their medical applications, are widely used. Accordingly, the use of mesenchymal stem cells is one of the most important alternatives in the tissue engineering field. NPs play effective roles in stem cells proliferation and differentiation. The combination of NPs and tissue regeneration by stem cells has created a new therapeutic approach towards humanity. Of note, the physicochemical properties of NPs determine their biological function. Interestingly, various mechanisms such as modulation of signaling pathways and generation of reactive oxygen species, are involved in NPs-induced cellular proliferation and differentiation. This review summarized the types of nanomaterials effective on stem cell differentiation, the physicochemical features, biomedical application of these materials and the relationship between nanomaterials and environment.

Automated summary

Nanoparticles play important roles in the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, offering potential applications in tissue engineering. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles determine their biological function, and various mechanisms such as modulation of signaling pathways and generation of reactive oxygen species are involved in nanoparticles-induced cellular proliferation and differentiation.