Journal
EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS
Volume 13, Issue 6, Pages 609-626Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1190651
Keywords
Biomarker; combinatorial peptide ligand libraries; diabetes; glycoprotein; hydrogel nanoparticles; Lyme Disease; mass spectrometry; protein; proteomics; selected reaction monitoring; urine
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Funding
- George Mason University
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Innovative Molecular Analysis Technologies (IMAT) program [1R33CA173359-01]
- Gates Foundation
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Introduction: Urine is a highly desirable biospecimen for biomarker analysis because it can be collected recurrently by non-invasive techniques, in relatively large volumes. Urine contains cellular elements, biochemicals, and proteins derived from glomerular filtration of plasma, renal tubule excretion, and urogenital tract secretions that reflect, at a given time point, an individual's metabolic and pathophysiologic state.Areas covered: High-resolution mass spectrometry, coupled with state of the art fractionation systems are revealing the plethora of diagnostic/prognostic proteomic information existing within urinary exosomes, glycoproteins, and proteins. Affinity capture pre-processing techniques such as combinatorial peptide ligand libraries and biomarker harvesting hydrogel nanoparticles are enabling measurement/identification of previously undetectable urinary proteins.Expert commentary: Future challenges in the urinary proteomics field include a) defining either single or multiple, universally applicable data normalization methods for comparing results within and between individual patients/data sets, and b) defining expected urinary protein levels in healthy individuals.
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