Experimental and Kinetic Study on the Critical Ambient Density for Auto-ignition of the Diesel Spray under Cold-start Conditions

In the present study, the effect of ambient density (rho(a)) on spray two-stage auto-ignition characteristics under cold-start condition was investigated using both optical and numerical methods. By the highspeed Shadowgraph, the LTI (low-temperature ignition delay) and HTI (high-temperature ignition delay) were obtained and followed an increasing trend with the decreasing rho(a). Both experimental and simulated results show that HTI is more sensitive to the rho(a) than LTI, because the high-temperature chemistry is more suppressed at higher rho(a) due to the increased scalar dissipation rate. Moreover, the simulation showed that the high-temperature ignition emerges at the same mixture fraction of 0.065, regardless of changes of rho(a), which indicates that rho(a) has little effect on the ignition site in the mixture fraction space. Further kinetic analysis found that as the rho(a) decreases, the O-2 concentration reduces and the reaction rates of both low- and high-temperature reactions reduce, leading to the increased LTI and HTI. When the HTI increases to such a long time that no ignitable mixture exists in the space due to the continuing diffusion after the end of injection, the spray misfire happens.

Automated summary

This study investigates the effect of ambient density on spray two-stage auto-ignition characteristics under cold-start condition using both optical and numerical methods. The results show that high-temperature ignition is more sensitive to ambient density than low-temperature ignition, due to the increased suppression of high-temperature chemistry at higher ambient density. Additionally, the study finds that ambient density has little effect on the ignition site in the mixture fraction space. Kinetic analysis reveals that as ambient density decreases, the concentration of O-2 decreases, leading to reduced reaction rates of both low-temperature and high-temperature reactions and increased ignition delay. When the ignition delay becomes too long due to continuing diffusion after the end of injection, the spray misfire occurs.