The feasibility of T2 mapping in the assessment of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a preliminary study

AIM: To determine the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging T2 mapping in the quantification of liver steatosis in patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to assess the effect of inflammation and fibrosis on T2 values of the liver. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD who underwent T2 mapping between December 2013 and September 2014 were included in this study. All patients underwent fast spin echo multi-echo sequence with eight echoes for T2 measurements. RESULTS: The mean liver T2 value and percentage of histological steatosis was 64.9 +/- 7.4 ms and 46.5 +/- 27.6%, respectively. There was a good correlation between the liver T2 value and histology-determined steatosis (r = 0.780, p<0.001) and grade of steatosis (r(s) = 0.779, p<0.001). The mean T2 value in patients with definitive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was significantly higher in comparison with patients without NASH (69 +/- 7.37 versus 61.73 +/- 5.99 ms, p=0.016). The correlation between T2 value and NAFLD activity score (NAS) was significant (rs = 0.443, p=0.034); however, the correlation disappeared after adjustment for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis (r=0.131, p=0.572). There was a close inverse correlation between T2 value and fibrosis stage after adjusting for hepatic steatosis (r=-0.536, p=0.012). CONCLUSION: T2 mapping can be used for quantification of hepatic steatosis, as there is a close correlation between T2 relaxation values and histology-determined steatosis. Patients with definite NASH have increased T2 values and there is an inverse correlation between the T2 value and fibrosis stage of the liver. T2 mapping in NAFLD may be a useful clinical tool for disease assessment and prognostication. (C) 2021 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

T2 mapping can accurately quantify liver steatosis in patients with NAFLD, with close correlations between T2 values and histology-determined steatosis. Patients with definite NASH show higher T2 values, while an inverse correlation is observed between T2 values and liver fibrosis stage. T2 mapping may serve as a valuable clinical tool for disease assessment and prognostication in NAFLD.