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Single-cell sequencing technology in tumor research

Journal

CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
Volume 518, Issue -, Pages 101-109

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.013

Keywords

Single-cell sequencing technology; Tumor heterogeneity; Cancer; Precision medicine; Clinical applications

Funding

  1. Hunan Provincial Groundbreaking Platform Open Fund of University of China [18K076]
  2. Doctoral Research Fund of University of South China [2016XQD21]
  3. University of South China and Horizontal Cooperation Project of Yueyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital [2018KHX43]
  4. Hunan Provincial Health Department Project [B2019119]
  5. Hunan Science and Technology Innovation Project [2018SK51601]
  6. Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province [20JJ4083]

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The emergence of single-cell sequencing technology has effectively addressed the issue of tumor cell heterogeneity, providing important basis for correctly classifying tumor cells and revealing their molecular level changes.
Tumor heterogeneity is a key characteristic of malignant tumors and a significant obstacle in cancer treatment and research. Although bulk tissue sequencing has wide coverage and high accuracy, it can only represent the dominant cell signal information of each sample, while masking the unique gene expression of rare cells; therefore it cannot represent genes that are unstable within a subgroup, but unchanged in a majority of cells. With the progress of genomic technology, the emergence of single-cell sequencing (SCS) has effectively solved the above problem. Genetic, transcriptomic and epigenetic sequencing at the single-cell level provides an important basis for us to correctly classify the cell subsets of heterogeneous tumor populations and to reveal the process of complex changes in tumor cells at the molecular level. Single-cell sequencing technology has been applied to the field of cancer, revealing exciting discoveries in the potential mechanisms of tumor driver gene mutation, clonal evolution, invasion and metastasis. It also provides favorable conditions for developing new tumor biomarkers and providing more accurate and individualized targeted tumor therapy. Herein, we review the steps and methods of single-cell sequencing and highlight the application of SCS in tumor diagnosis and clinical treatment.

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