Journal
CLIMACTERIC
Volume 25, Issue 1, Pages 37-42Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1939296
Keywords
Exercise; smoking; alcohol; weight
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Optimizing bone health involves not smoking, limiting alcohol intake, maintaining a healthy body weight, consuming adequate protein and calcium, and using vitamin D supplements for those with poor sunlight exposure. Calcium supplements are not recommended due to potential side effects and lack of proven value.
Bone health can be optimized by not smoking, limiting alcohol intake to <= 2 drinks/day and maintaining a healthy body weight (i.e. body mass index of about 25 kg/m(2)). A balanced diet with a protein content of about 1 g/kg/day and a calcium content >500 mg/day (e.g. two servings of dairy products or equivalent) is recommended. In those with poor sunlight exposure, use of a vitamin D supplement of 400-1000 IU/day should be considered. Calcium supplements cause side effects and are of unproven value. Their use is discouraged.
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