4.8 Review

Technological Innovations in Photochemistry for Organic Synthesis: Flow Chemistry, High-Throughput Experimentation, Scale-up, and Photoelectrochemistry

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Visible-light photooxidation of benzene to phenol in continuous-flow microreactors

Xiaoqi Shi et al.

Summary: In this study, phenol was successfully synthesized through photooxidation, reaching a high yield of 94% and selectivity over 99% under optimized conditions. The photomicroreactor with blue LEDs as an eco-friendly light source demonstrated significant advantages, while a reaction kinetic model was established to further understand the photooxidation mechanism.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Copper-Photocatalyzed Hydrosilylation of Alkynes and Alkenes under Continuous Flow

Mingbing Zhong et al.

Summary: This paper describes the photocatalytic hydrosilylation of alkynes and alkenes under continuous flow conditions using a specific catalyst and blue LED light, resulting in good to excellent yields for a variety of alkenes and alkynes with high functional group tolerance. The reaction mechanism was studied, and a plausible scenario was proposed.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

C-H Amination via Electrophotocatalytic Ritter-type Reaction

Tao Shen et al.

Summary: A method for C-H bond amination via electrophotocatalytic Ritter-type reaction has been developed, catalyzed by a trisaminocyclopropenium (TAC) ion in an electrochemical cell under irradiation, converting benzylic C-H bonds to acetamides without stoichiometric chemical oxidant. The method demonstrates compatibility with a wide range of functionalities and shows successful transformation of several complex substrates.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Photocatalytic C-H activation and the subtle role of chlorine radical complexation in reactivity

Qiaomu Yang et al.

Summary: The reported carbon-hydrogen (C-H) activation of alkanes is actually mediated by the photocatalyst [NEt4](2)[CeCl6], and RO center dot are not intermediates. The generation of chlorine radical (Cl center dot) in the photocatalytic system is found to be the rate-limiting step. Density functional theory calculations support the formation of [Cl center dot][alcohol] adducts, which can manifest a masked RO center dot character.

SCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Rapid Optimization of Photoredox Reactions for Continuous-Flow Systems Using Microscale Batch Technology

Maria Gonzalez-Esguevillas et al.

Summary: This study introduces a new method that utilizes a microscale high-throughput experimentation platform to identify optimal reaction conditions that can be directly translated to flow systems. By simulating the flow-vessel pathway within a microscale reaction plate, the rapid identification of optimal flow reaction conditions is enabled, and this method has been validated to accurately translate to commercial flow reactors.

ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Combining machine learning and high-throughput experimentation to discover photocatalytically active organic molecules

Xiaobo Li et al.

Summary: Organic molecules play a crucial role in photocatalysts, but reliable structure-property design rules are difficult to formulate. By integrating experiment, computation, and machine learning, researchers were able to identify common structural features in molecules with high catalytic activity. The study marks a step towards the machine-learning assisted discovery of molecular organic photocatalysts, with potential applications beyond photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

CHEMICAL SCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A highly selective decarboxylative deuteration of carboxylic acids

Nian Li et al.

Summary: This paper presents a mild and practical method for precise deuterium incorporation in aliphatic carboxylic acids using synergistic photoredox and HAT catalysis. The reaction shows excellent D-incorporation even in substrates with reactive C-H bonds or versatile functional groups, and can be scaled up to 50 mmol under very mild conditions. Precision deuteration of readily available complex carboxylic acids makes this protocol promising for the preparation of deuterium-labeled compounds.

CHEMICAL SCIENCE (2021)

Review Chemistry, Organic

Fluorination and fluoroalkylation of alkenes/alkynes to construct fluoro-containing heterocycles

Xin Wang et al.

Summary: Fluoro-containing heterocycles are widely used in various fields due to their unique properties, leading to a rapid development in the research of new synthetic methods for these compounds. This review summarizes established strategies for constructing fluoro-containing heterocycles over the past decade, highlighting the scopes, mechanisms, unsolved issues, and future directions in this field.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

From circular synthesis to material manufacturing: advances, challenges, and future steps for using flow chemistry in novel application area

Alessandra Sivo et al.

Summary: Continuous-flow technologies have shown great potential in the chemistry field, particularly in drug discovery and drug development. However, there is still room for improvement in other areas such as circular valorization of waste products and manufacturing of materials and catalysts.

REACTION CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A photochemical ring expansion of 6-to 8-membered nitrogen heterocycles by [1,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement

Morgan A. Manning et al.

Summary: A new route to azocines and benzoazocines from furopyridinones is described through a photochemically induced [1,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. The method provides excellent atom economy by sequencing thermal and photochemical ring expansion steps under continuous flow.

CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ready, Set, Flow! Automated Continuous Synthesis and Optimization

Christopher P. Breen et al.

Summary: Synthetic chemistry has opened up new possibilities for innovation in key industries such as medicine, energy, and agriculture. Automation is challenging the traditional process of chemical synthesis, while continuous flow chemistry presents a flexible platform for automation. The merger of synthesis and automation is expected to democratize access to custom complex small molecules and accelerate the development of new synthetic protocols.

TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Evaluation of a Continuous-Flow Photo-Bromination Using N-Bromosuccinimide for Use in Chemical Manufacture

Matthew Waterford et al.

Summary: By utilizing a flow reactor system, it is possible to independently control light intensity, wavelength, and reaction temperature, thereby enhancing control over the reaction. The study demonstrated that under specific conditions, the target product can be efficiently synthesized, and this easy-to-handle reaction system has the potential for scaled-up production.

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Photoelectrochemical cross-dehydrogenative coupling of benzothiazoles with strong aliphatic C-H bonds†

Luca Capaldo et al.

Summary: A novel photoelectrochemical strategy was developed for the cross-dehydrogenative coupling of unactivated aliphatic hydrogen donors with benzothiazoles. By using a specific photocatalyst to activate strong C(sp(3))-H bonds in the substrates, while utilizing electrochemistry to scavenge extra electrons, the reaction was efficiently achieved.

CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Hexafluoroisopropanol: the magical solvent for Pd-catalyzed C-H activation

Trisha Bhattacharya et al.

Summary: HFIP, as a solvent, plays a unique role in Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions, especially in enhancing yield and selectivity, making it irreplaceable.

CHEMICAL SCIENCE (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Visible light photocatalysis in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds

Rolando Cannalire et al.

Summary: Late stage functionalization is a powerful tool for accelerating the identification of structure-activity relationships and optimizing ADME profiles of drugs. Visible-light photocatalysis offers a smooth and clean functionalization approach for drugs, with a critical assessment of current literature and highlighting expected future progress and potential applications in the field.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A continuous flow synthesis of [1.1.1]propellane and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane derivatives

Kian Donnelly et al.

Summary: This study presents a continuous flow process for on-demand generation of [1.1.1]propellane, providing solutions for direct derivatization into various BCP species, with throughputs up to 8.5 mmol h(-1) and access to gram quantities of selected BCP building blocks. Lastly, a continuous photochemical transformation method was developed to convert [1.1.1]propellane into valuable BCPs bearing mixed ester/acyl chloride moieties.

CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

An Overview of Photoreactors and Computational Modeling for the Intensification of Photocatalytic Processes in the Gas-Phase: State-of-Art

Jessica Oliveira de Brito Lira et al.

Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of photoreactors for gas-phase reactions, focusing on process intensification and recent computer simulations. It highlights the importance of two photocatalytic gas-phase reactions, VOCs oxidation, and NOx degradation, from both scientific and social perspectives, while also acknowledging the challenges of achieving high performance due to issues like mass transfer and low quantum efficiency. Various designs of photoreactors have been explored to enhance mass and photon transfer, with emphasis on process intensification through the improved performance in these aspects.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Powering the next industrial revolution: transitioning from nonrenewable energy to solar fuels via CO2 reduction

Rami J. Batrice et al.

Summary: The article discusses recent advances in photochemical solar fuel production technology, emphasizing the importance of converting carbon dioxide and water into liquid fuels, and categorizing various methods into four major categories.

RSC ADVANCES (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Cooperative photoredox and palladium catalysis: recent advances in various functionalization reactions

Maniklal Shee et al.

Summary: The recent resurgence of synergistic palladium and visible-light-induced photoredox catalysis has transformed Pd-catalyzed organic synthesis by enabling unconventional bond formation modes and accessing various elusive reaction pathways under mild conditions. The combination of suitable photocatalysts with active Pd catalysts has been utilized to create efficient dual catalytic systems for cross-coupling reactions, leading to enhancements in reaction rate, conditions, functional group compatibility, and substrate scopes. This Minireview discusses the advances in cooperative catalytic reactions, showcasing their unique mechanistic features and selective examples for substrate scopes.

CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Continuous-flow step-economical synthesis of thiuram disulfides via visible-light photocatalytic aerobic oxidation

Hao-Xing Xu et al.

Summary: A continuous-flow photocatalytic synthesis method has been developed for the industrially important thiuram disulfides, using O-2 as the oxidant and Eosin Y as the photoredox catalyst. This method offers reduced reaction time, excellent product yield, and purity, making it a sustainable and potentially scalable process for industrial production.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2021)

Review Chemistry, Organic

Modern approaches towards the synthesis of geminal difluoroalkyl groups

Dayanne R. Carvalho et al.

Summary: This review covers the importance of and most recent approaches toward geminal difluoroalkyl groups, with special emphasis on applications to biologically-relevant compounds. Various methods such as transition metal-mediated, photochemical, and organocatalytic approaches will be discussed along with their mechanistic implications.

ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Toward Machine Learning-Enhanced High-Throughput Experimentation

Natalie S. Eyke et al.

Summary: Recent research indicates that machine learning (ML) and high throughput experimentation (HTE) have gained significant attention in the fields of chemistry and engineering, leading to the development of powerful reactivity models and platforms capable of rapidly executing numerous reactions. Although the integration of ML with HTE has not been fully realized, recent developments suggest the potential benefits of their combination, highlighting their complementary nature while also identifying obstacles that need to be overcome for maximizing the impact of this merger on chemical research.

TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Organic

Development of a Continuous Photochemical Benzyne-Forming Process

Cormac Bracken et al.

Summary: A new methodology utilizing a high-power LED lamp for the safe generation and derivatization of benzyne under photochemical conditions is presented. The continuous-flow process effectively controls the release of gaseous by-products and delivers a series of heterocyclic products in a short residence time. This robust methodology enables the rapid generation of important heterocyclic scaffolds through a simple and scalable flow protocol.

SYNOPEN (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Photochlorination of toluene - the thin line between intensification and selectivity. Part 2: selectivity

Umit Tastan et al.

Summary: Photochemical reactions, such as light-driven side-chain chlorination of aromatic compounds, are essential in the chemical industry. Reoptimising reaction conditions using advanced reactor designs and irradiation techniques is crucial for economic and ecological reasons. However, enhancing reaction rate must be balanced with high selectivity for the desired target compound.

REACTION CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2021)

Article Chemistry, Organic

Decagram Synthesis of Dimethyl 1,4-Cubanedicarboxylate Using Continuous-Flow Photochemistry

Diego E. Collin et al.

Summary: This paper presents a straightforward approach to scale-up a [2+2] photocycloaddition step using home-made flow photoreactors to access dimethyl 1,4-cubanedicarboxylate in decagram-scale with satisfactory yield. The method allows for faster process time and eliminates the need for batch photoreactors. The characterisation of the photocycloadduct and its hydrates has been completed.

SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART (2021)

Article Chemistry, Organic

Smooth Metal-Free Photoinduced Preparation of Valuable 8-Arylxanthines

Havall Othman Abdulla et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mechanochemistry for Synthesis

Tomislav Friscic et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

Review Chemistry, Organic

Photochemical Rearrangements in Heterocyclic Chemistry

Corentin Lefebvre et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Organic

Metal-Free Visible-Light-Mediated Hydrotrifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes and Alkynes in Continuous Flow

Anne-Laure Barthelemy et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrophotocatalytic SNAr Reactions of Unactivated Aryl Fluorides at Ambient Temperature and Without Base

He Huang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrochemistry Broadens the Scope of Flavin Photocatalysis: Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation of Unactivated Alcohols

Wen Zhang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

Review Chemistry, Organic

Synergistic Photoredox/Transition-Metal Catalysis for Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Reactions

Maxime De Abreu et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Flow Photochemical Syntheses of trans-Cyclooctenes and trans-Cycloheptenes Driven by Metal Complexation

Jessica E. Pigga et al.

ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Survival Guide for the Electro-curious

Cian Kingston et al.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Visible-Light Flow Reactor Packed with Porous Carbon Nitride for Aerobic Substrate Oxidations

Mark A. Bajada et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthetic Photoelectrochemistry

Joshua P. Barham et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Enabling Catalyst Discovery through Machine Learning and High-Throughput Experimentation

Travis Williams et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent Advances in Continuous-Flow Enantioselective Catalysis

Tao Yu et al.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrophotocatalytic Undirected C-H Trifluoromethylations of (Het)Arenes

Youai Qiu et al.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Organophotocatalytic N-Demethylation of Oxycodone Using Molecular Oxygen

Yuesu Chen et al.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2020)

Review Chemistry, Organic

[2+2] Photochemical Cycloaddition in Organic Synthesis

Debayan Sarkar et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Organic

Visible-Light-Induced Metal-Free Trifluoromethylselenolation of Electron-Rich Heteroarenes Using the Nucleophilic [Me4N][SeCF3] Reagent

Arnaud De Zordo-Banliat et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Organic

The Dark Side of Photocatalysis: One Thousand Ways to Close the Cycle

Luca Capaldo et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Potent Reductants via Electron-Primed Photoredox Catalysis: Unlocking Aryl Chlorides for Radical Coupling

Nicholas G. W. Cowper et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Reductive Electrophotocatalysis: Merging Electricity and Light To Achieve Extreme Reduction Potentials

Hyunwoo Kim et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrophotocatalytic C-H Functionalization of Ethers with High Regioselectivity

He Huang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Primary Amines by Concurrent Tandem Photoredox Catalysis

Michael C. Nicastri et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Continuous Flow Photochemistry for the Preparation of Bioactive Molecules

Mara Di Filippo et al.

MOLECULES (2020)

Review Chemistry, Applied

A Perspective on Continuous Flow Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Marcus Baumann et al.

ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (2020)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Scalable Continuous Vortex Reactor for Gram to Kilo Scale for UV and Visible Photochemistry

Darren S. Lee et al.

ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (2020)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Multistep Synthesis of Organic Selenides under Visible Light Irradiation: A Continuous-Flow Approach

Adrian A. Heredia et al.

ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Chemistry glows green with photoredox catalysis

Giacomo E. M. Crisenza et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Photons as a 21st century reagent

Holly E. Bonfield et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Heterogeneous photoredox flow chemistry for the scalable organosynthesis of fine chemicals

Can Yang et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) into Fuels and Value-Added Products

Vignesh Kumaravel et al.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrophotocatalytic Decarboxylative C-H Functionalization of Heteroarenes

Xiao-Li Lai et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

Review Chemistry, Organic

Recent applications of porphyrins as photocatalysts in organic synthesis: batch and continuous flow approaches

Rodrigo Costa e Silva et al.

BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Organic

Photocatalysis with organic dyes: facile access to reactive intermediates for synthesis

Stephanie G. E. Amos et al.

BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Pushing the boundaries of C-H bond functionalization chemistry using flow technology

Sebastian Govaerts et al.

JOURNAL OF FLOW CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Oxidation of organosulfur compounds promoted by continuous-flow chemistry

Juan Pablo Colomer et al.

JOURNAL OF FLOW CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Continuous-flow photochemical carbene transfer reactions

Claire Empel et al.

JOURNAL OF FLOW CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Manipulation of gas-liquid-liquid systems in continuous flow microreactors for efficient reaction processes

Yanyan Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF FLOW CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Scaling continuous API synthesis from milligram to kilogram: extending the enabling benefits of micro to the plant

Mateo Berton et al.

JOURNAL OF FLOW CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Flow Photochemistry as a Tool in Organic Synthesis

Thomas H. Rehm

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Discrete Ti-O-Ti Complexes: Visible-Light-Activated, Homogeneous Alternative to TiO2Photosensitisers

Kira Behm et al.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Catalytic Enantioselective Radical Transformations Enabled by Visible Light

Debajyoti Saha

CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Continuous-flow photochemistry: An expanding horizon of sustainable technology

Jingli Xie et al.

CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

On factors limiting the performance of photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction

Ya Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A review of enantioselective dual transition metal/photoredox catalysis

Hong-Hao Zhang et al.

SCIENCE CHINA-CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Current and Future Roles of Artificial Intelligence in Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis

Thomas J. Struble et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Visible light catalyzed anti-markovnikov hydration of styrene to 2-phenylethanol: From batch to continuous

Yuhang Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Organophotoredox Hydrodefluorination of Trifluoromethylarenes with Translational Applicability to Drug Discovery

Jeroen B. Sap et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

An Integrated Device for the Solar-Driven Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to CO

Adriano Sacco et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

Article Polymer Science

The Promising Future of Fluoropolymers

Bruno Ameduri

MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Automated radial synthesis of organic molecules

Sourav Chatterjee et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Scale-up Design of a Fluorescent Fluid Photochemical Microreactor by 3D Printing

Zhigang Zhu et al.

ACS OMEGA (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The Concept of Chemical Generators: On-Site On-Demand Production of Hazardous Reagents in Continuous Flow

Doris Dallinger et al.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2020)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Process Intensification for Obtaining a Cannabidiol Intermediate by Photo-oxygenation of Limonene under Continuous-Flow Conditions

Anderson R. Aguillon et al.

ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (2020)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Development and Execution of a Production-Scale Continuous [2+2] Photocycloaddition

Matthew G. Beaver et al.

ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (2020)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Hybrid microbial photoelectrochemical system reduces CO2 to CH4 with 1.28% solar energy conversion efficiency

Shuai Xiao et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Elevating Chemistry Research with a Modern Electronics Toolkit

Gurpur Rakesh D. Prabhu et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Solar-Assisted eBiorefinery: Photoelectrochemical Pairing of Oxyfunctionalization and Hydrogenation Reactions

Da Som Choi et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

UV-Induced 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Formation from 5-Substituted Tetrazoles and Carboxylic Acids in Flow

Luke Green et al.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Total Synthesis of Zephycarinatines via Photocatalytic Reductive Radicalipso-Cyclization

Haruka Takeuchi et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Scalable Photoelectrochemical Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling of Heteroarenes with Aliphatic C-H Bonds

Pin Xu et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Flow Chemistry for Cycloaddition Reactions

Jorge Garcia-Lacuna et al.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2020)

Review Chemistry, Organic

Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors

Christopher G. Thomson et al.

BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Organic

Photocatalytic trifluoromethoxylation of arenes and heteroarenes in continuous-flow

Alexander Nyuchev et al.

BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Light-driven catalysis with engineered enzymes and biomimetic systems

Emily H. Edwards et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Organic

Continuous Flow Synthesis of Quinolines via a Scalable Tandem Photoisomerization-Cyclization Process

Mara Di Filippo et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Visible-Light-Induced Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization of 1,7-Enynes in Continuous Flow

Kaiqiang Zhuang et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

New Redox Strategies in Organic Synthesis by Means of Electrochemistry and Photochemistry

Jinjian Liu et al.

ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Triplet Energy Transfer Photocatalysis: Unlocking the Next Level

Felix Strieth-Kalthoff et al.

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Think and Print: 3D Printing of Chemical Experiments

Melissa Renner et al.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Emerging trends in flow chemistry enabled by 3D printing: Robust reactors, biocatalysis and electrochemistry

Victor Sans

CURRENT OPINION IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Visible-Light-Mediated S-H Bond Insertion Reactions of Diazoalkanes with Cysteine Residues in Batch and Flow

Long-Zhou Qin et al.

ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (2020)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

In situ monitoring of photocatalyzed isomerization reactions on a microchip flow reactor by IR-MALDI ion mobility spectrometry

Chris Pruefert et al.

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Organic

H Photosensitized direct C-H fluorination and trifluoromethylation in organic synthesis

Shahboz Yakubov et al.

BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Organic

Dawn of a new era in industrial photochemistry: the scale-up of micro- and mesostructured photoreactors

Emine Kayahan et al.

BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Organic

Recent developments in enantioselective photocatalysis

Callum Prentice et al.

BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Recent Advances in Bipolar Membrane Design and Applications

Patrick K. Giesbrecht et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Flow Photocleavage for Automated Glycan Assembly (AGA)

Charlotte S. Teschers et al.

ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (2020)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Multikilogram per Hour Continuous Photochemical Benzylic Brominations Applying a Smart Dimensioning Scale-up Strategy

Alexander Steiner et al.

ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (2020)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Optimization of a Decatungstate-Catalyzed C(sp3)-H Alkylation Using a Continuous Oscillatory Millistructured Photoreactor

Zhenghui Wen et al.

ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (2020)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Ir/Ni Photoredox Dual Catalysis with Heterogeneous Base Enabled by an Oscillatory Plug Flow Photoreactor

Wouter Debrouwer et al.

ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

C(sp3)-H functionalizations of light hydrocarbons using decatungstate photocatalysis in flow

Gabriele Laudadio et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Review Chemistry, Organic

Recent Applications of Continuous Flow in Homogeneous Palladium Catalysis

Martin Markovic et al.

SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART (2020)

Article Chemistry, Organic

Photocyclization of enamines to access Spiroindolines and Spirooxindoles in continuous flow

Moses Moustakim et al.

TETRAHEDRON LETTERS (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Oscillatory flow reactors for synthetic chemistry applications

Pauline Bianchi et al.

JOURNAL OF FLOW CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Selective Production of Maleic Acid from Furfural via a Cascade Approach Combining Photochemistry and Electro- or Biochemistry

Shanmugam Thiyagarajan et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Manganese-Catalyzed Oxidative Azidation of C(sp3)-H Bonds under Electrophotocatalytic Conditions

Linbin Niu et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Visible-Light-Driven Catalytic Reductive Carboxylation with CO2

Zhen Zhang et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Applications of Sensitized Semiconductors as Heterogeneous Visible-Light Photocatalysts in Organic Synthesis

Daniele Franchi et al.

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