Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 78, Issue 19-20, Pages 6453-6485Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03903-w
Keywords
Transcriptional enhancers; Enhancer-promoter interactions; Chromosomal conformation; Gene regulation
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Funding
- Medical Research Council of the UK (MRC) [MC-A652-5QA20]
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Transcriptional enhancers play a key role in regulating gene expression in metazoa, particularly in initiating and maintaining gene expression programmes. Understanding how enhancers control their target genes in the right place and time is a crucial question in functional genomics, and modern approaches are beginning to unravel the complexity of enhancer-promoter relationships.
Transcriptional enhancers play a key role in the initiation and maintenance of gene expression programmes, particularly in metazoa. How these elements control their target genes in the right place and time is one of the most pertinent questions in functional genomics, with wide implications for most areas of biology. Here, we synthesise classic and recent evidence on the regulatory logic of enhancers, including the principles of enhancer organisation, factors that facilitate and delimit enhancer-promoter communication, and the joint effects of multiple enhancers. We show how modern approaches building on classic insights have begun to unravel the complexity of enhancer-promoter relationships, paving the way towards a quantitative understanding of gene control.
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