Spatial heterogeneity in fatty acid abundance and composition across surface sediments of Lake Taihu, Eastern China: Implications for the use of lipids in evaluating carbon cycling and burial in lake systems

Fatty acids (FAs) present in the surface sediments of Lake Taihu were analyzed for spatial heterogeneity in abundance and composition in order to test the suitability of these lipids to indicate variation in sources and preservation status of organic matter (OM) in sediments. The results indicate that terrestrial plant-derived FAs were relatively enriched in Meiliang and Zhushan Bays, the most eutmphic regions of Lake Taihu, while FAs of phytoplankton origin were relatively low. This unexpected result might reflect a preferential degradation of phytoplankton OM and phytoplankton-derived FAs. Furthermore, massive inputs of refractory terrestrial OM could significantly dilute concentrations of phytoplankton FAs. In sediments from East Bay, phytoplankton-derived FAs were more abundant than in Zhushan Bay, although this region had the lowest levels of nutrients and the lowest phytoplankton productivity. This result was attributed to a greatly enhanced preservation of labile FAs, probably caused by reduced sediment resuspension in this region with dense growth of submerged macrophytes. Phytoplankton productivity and terrestrial OM inputs were moderate in Central Region, but abundances of all FAs and ratios of C16:1/n-C16, C18:1/n-C18 and C18:1 omega 7/C18:1 omega 9 both reached their lowest in sediments from this region, possibly as a result of significant degradation of FAs driven by strong sediment resuspension. Sediments from Gonghu Bay and Southern Region were relatively enriched in phytoplankton FAs, and this was ascribed to low inputs of terrestrial OM, which limited the dilution effect. In contrast to FAs, short-chain n-alkane abundances provided an accurate indication of variation in phytoplankton input.

Automated summary

The study analyzed fatty acids in the surface sediments of Lake Taihu to investigate spatial heterogeneity in abundance and composition, revealing differences in organic matter sources and preservation status. Terrestrial plant-derived fatty acids were enriched in certain regions, while phytoplankton-derived fatty acids were lower due to preferential degradation. Factors such as nutrient levels, sediment resuspension, and inputs of terrestrial organic matter played a role in influencing fatty acid concentrations and compositions in the sediments.