Journal
CATALYSIS TODAY
Volume 394, Issue -, Pages 235-246Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.09.008
Keywords
Tin; SBA-15; Sulfonic groups; Esterification; Bronsted acid sites; Lewis acid sites
Funding
- Coordinacion de la Investigacion Cientifica de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo (CIC-UMSNH, Mexico)
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT, Mexico) [892716]
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Through the sol-gel method, Sn-SBA-15 catalysts modified with -PrSO3H groups were synthesized, which significantly improved the acid properties of the catalysts and increased the conversion rate of the esterification reaction between oleic acid and methanol.
To modulate the acid properties of Sn-SBA-15-PrSO3H materials, the synthesis of heterogeneous Sn-SBA-15 catalysts modified with -PrSO3H groups was performed using the sol-gel method. This method enabled the integration of Sn in the structure of SBA-15, which was achieved by replacing Si+4 with Sn+4 ions, or by generating small amounts of SnO2 nanoparticles in octahedral coordination on the surface of the material. Incorporation of the -PrSO3H groups into the Sn-SBA-15 catalysts results in a significant increase in Bro center dot nsted and, to a lesser extent, Lewis acid sites. The relative concentration of Bro center dot nsted to Lewis acid sites was approximately 4:1. This improvement in the acid properties of the catalysts, led to an increase in the reaction rate for the esterification of oleic acid with methanol, achieving conversions that reach 96% at 100 degrees C after 2 h of reaction. The most favorable synthesis conditions were observed when the highest concentration of acid was used in the synthesis gel (1.1 M). This is due to the higher production of Sn+4 tetrahedral species in the SBA-15 structure and better integration of the -PrSO3H groups into the materials, which are mainly related to Bro center dot nsted acid sites. Finally, a linear relationship was established between the concentration of Bro center dot nsted acid sites in the catalyst and the catalytic activity for the oleic acid esterification and a second-order reversible model satisfactorily reproduces the experimental kinetic data.
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