Journal
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
Volume 267, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118196
Keywords
Xanthan gum; Silver ions; Antibacterial; Eye drops; Viscosity
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The phosphorylated xanthan gum-Ag(I) complex developed in this study has pH and osmolality values close to that of human tears, with high transparency, proper refractive index, and viscosity. Additionally, the solution shows low cytotoxicity and capability to inhibit bacterial proliferation.
Topical instillation of eye drops represents the treatment of choice for many ocular diseases. Ophthalmic formulations must meet general requirements, i.e. pH, osmolality, transparency and viscosity to ensure adequate retention without inducing irritation and the development of eye infections. We developed a phosphorylated xanthan gum-Ag(I) complex (XGP-Ag) showing pH (pH = 7.1 +/- 0.3) and osmolality values (311 +/- 2 mOsm/kg) close to that of human tears (pH = 6.5-7.6 and 304 +/- 23 mOsm/kg) thanks to the presence of phosphate moieties along the chain. The presence of phosphate groups covalently bound to the XG chains avoids their dispersion in fluid, thus reducing the risk of corneal calcification. 0.02% w/v XGP-Ag solution showed high transparency (higher than 95% along the entire visible range), adequate refractive index (1.334 +/- 0.001) and viscosity in the range: gamma 1 s-1-10,000 s- 1 (26.4 +/- 0.8-2.1 +/- 0.4 mPa.s). Its cytotoxicity and capability to hinder bacterial proliferation was also verified.
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