4.6 Review

Multiplex technologies for the assessment of minimal residual disease and low-level mutation detection in leukaemia: mass spectrometry versus next-generation sequencing

Journal

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
Volume 196, Issue 1, Pages 19-30

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17623

Keywords

clonal population; mass spectrometry; minimal residual disease; next-generation sequencing; sensitive mutation detection

Categories

Funding

  1. Royal Adelaide Hospital Research Foundation Dawes Scholarship
  2. National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [APP1117718]

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This review explores the methodologies of mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing in leukemia MRD detection, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations, citing evidence and instances of their use, and proposing future detection strategies.
With the focus of leukaemia management shifting to the implications of low-level disease burden, increasing attention is being paid on the development of highly sensitive methodologies required for detection. There are various techniques capable of identification of measurable residual disease (MRD) either evidencing as relevant mutation detection [e.g. nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutation] or trace levels of leukaemic clonal populations. The vast majority of these methods only permit detection of a single clone or mutation. However, mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing enable the interrogation of multiple genes simultaneously, facilitating a more complete genomic profile. In the present review, we explore the methodologies of both techniques in conjunction with the important advantages and limitations associated with each assay. We also highlight the evidence and the various instances where either technique has been used and propose future strategies for MRD detection.

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