Journal
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
Volume 172, Issue -, Pages 61-78Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.010
Keywords
Neurodegenerative diseases; Mast cells; Gut microbiota; Neuroimmune; Neuroinflammatory processes; Inflammatory cytokines; Neurocircuits
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81801061, 81701375]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The global incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is on the rise with no effective therapeutic interventions available. Activation of immune cells in the central nervous system and subsequent neuroinflammation are characteristics of neurodegeneration. Bidirectional communication between mast cells and gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating neuroimmune responses, leading to neuroinflammatory processes associated with neurological disorders.
Although the global incidence of neurodegenerative diseases has been steadily increasing, especially in adults, there are no effective therapeutic interventions. Neurodegeneration is a heterogeneous group of disorders that is characterized by the activation of immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) (e.g., mast cells and microglia) and subsequent neuroinflammation. Mast cells are found in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract and play a role in tuning neuroimmune responses. The complex bidirectional communication between mast cells and gut microbiota coordinates various dynamic neuro-cellular responses, which propagates neuronal impulses from the gastrointestinal tract into the CNS. Numerous inflammatory mediators from degranulated mast cells alter intestinal gut permeability and disrupt blood-brain barrier, which results in the promotion of neuroinflammatory processes leading to neurological disorders, thereby offsetting the balance in immunesurveillance. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that gut-microbiota exert a pivotal role in inflammatory signaling through the activation of immune and inflammatory cells. Communication between inflammatory cytokines and neurocircuits via the gut-brain axis (GBA) affects behavioral responses, activates mast cells and microglia that causes neuroinflammation, which is associated with neurological diseases. In this comprehensive review, we focus on what is currently known about mast cells and the gut-brain axis relationship, and how this relationship is connected to neurodegenerative diseases. We hope that further elucidating the bidirectional communication between mast cells and the GBA will not only stimulate future research on neurodegenerative diseases but will also identify new opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available