Menopause, anti-Mullerian hormone and cognition in a cohort of women with persistent symptoms following TBI: a case for future research

Objectives: Primary: To explore anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels in community dwelling women following TBI. Secondary: To explore the relation of AMH to menstrual cycle, cognition, distress and symptoms of menopause. Setting: Large adult TBI outpatient clinic in Toronto Canada. Research design: Prospective study of 10 women with persistent symptoms who were one or more years post TBI. Methods: Consenting participants provided a serum sample for AMH levels, and completed the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Symptom Checklist-90 r (SCL-90 r), Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neurological Status (RBANS) and a health questionnaire. Main outcomes and results: This study found lower than expected levels of AMH in 50% of participants relative to age matched norms and 50% of participants experienced new onset of menstrual changes. Also notable were findings of lower-than-expected cognitive scores in women over 35 and reports of menopause-related symptoms across all ages groups. Conclusions: As our understanding of the role of AMH grows, examining changes in this novel biomarker in the long-term post-TBI is warranted. Future research should be sufficiently powered to expand on and validate the study's findings.

Automated summary

The study investigated AMH levels in women following TBI and their relation to menstrual cycle, cognition, distress, and symptoms of menopause. Findings included lower-than-expected AMH levels in 50% of participants and new onset of menstrual changes in 50% of participants. Women over 35 exhibited lower cognitive scores, and menopause-related symptoms were reported across all age groups.