Distinct nitrogen isotopic compositions of healthy and cancerous tissue in mice brain and head&neck micro-biopsies

Background Cancerous cells can recycle metabolic ammonium for their growth. As this ammonium has a low nitrogen isotope ratio (N-15/N-14), its recycling may cause cancer tissue to have lower N-15/N-14 than surrounding healthy tissue. We investigated whether, within a given tissue type in individual mice, tumoral and healthy tissues could be distinguished based on their N-15/N-14. Methods Micro-biopsies of murine tumors and adjacent tissues were analyzed for N-15/N-14 using novel high-sensitivity methods. Isotopic analysis was pursued in Nude and C57BL/6 mice models with mature orthotopic brain and head&neck tumors generated by implantation of H454 and MEERL95 murine cells, respectively. Results In the 7 mice analyzed, the brain tumors had distinctly lower N-15/N-14 than healthy neural tissue. In the 5 mice with head&neck tumors, the difference was smaller and more variable. This was at least partly due to infiltration of healthy head&neck tissue by tumor cells. However, it may also indicate that the N-15/N-14 difference between tumoral and healthy tissue depends on the nitrogen metabolism of the healthy organ in question. Conclusions The findings, coupled with the high sensitivity of the N-15/N-14 measurement method used here, suggest a new approach for micro-biopsy-based diagnosis of malignancy as well as an avenue for investigation of cancer metabolism.

Automated summary

The study found that using the N-15/N-14 measurement method can distinguish between murine tumors and healthy tissue, potentially providing a new avenue for micro-biopsy diagnosis of malignancy. However, the difference in N-15/N-14 between tumor and healthy tissue may depend on the nitrogen metabolism of the healthy organ involved.