Journal
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 342, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125980
Keywords
Spirulina; Persulfate; Hydrothermal carbonization; Nitrogen; Hydrochar
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [42077450]
- Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Henan Agricultural University [30601458]
- special fund for young talents [30601651]
- Science and technology innovation fund in Henan Agricultural University [305006094]
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The addition of persulfate during hydrothermal processing of spirulina can increase the N/O atomic ratio and NH4+-N concentration, facilitating organic nitrogen degradation and protein deamination, while forming more stable nitrogen forms.
In this study, persulfate was used during hydrothermal processing of spirulina (160 degrees C-220 degrees C) for enhancement of nitrogen conversion. The nitrogen distribution in aqueous phase, hydrochar and biocrude-oil was evaluated, and the elemental composition and chemical forms of hydrochar were investigated. Results suggested that the addition of persulfate during hydrothermal processing of spirulina increased the atomic N/O of hydrochar for 1.2%-2.4%, whereas the NH4+-N concentration in liquid phase increased by approximately 67-155 mg/L regardless of temperature, suggesting that the persulfate could facilitate the organic nitrogen degradation and protein deamination. The N1s XPS analysis indicated that the protein-N, pyrrole-N, and inorganic-N ratio in spirulina were decreased, while more pyridine-N in hydrochar was formed, suggesting that more stable N forms were generated. In addition, the elementary composition also showed that more N was formed on the surface of hydrochar instead of the core.
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