Journal
BIOMATERIALS
Volume 276, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121018
Keywords
Indoleamine 2; 3-dioxygenase (IDO); IDO inhibitor; Immunotherapy; Nanomedicine; Combined therapy
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [32000985, 31822019, 82074208, 81472346]
- National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for Significant New Drugs Development during the Thirteenth Five-year Plan Period [2020ZX09201-003]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0203600]
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation [LQ21H300003, LY20H160033]
- One Belt and One Road International Cooperation Project from Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province [2019C04024]
- Zhejiang Province Medical and Health Science Research Project [2021KY666]
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical Association [2019ZYY12]
- Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department [Y202045581]
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This article will discuss different types of IDO inhibitors and relevant clinical trials, especially feasible combined therapeutic modalities. In addition, it will also review cutting-edge nanomedicines that combine IDO inhibitors with other therapeutic modalities to effectively enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Finally, the prospects of IDO inhibitors in clinical application and potential breakthroughs will be briefly discussed.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) as a principle enzyme in tryptophan (Trp) catabolism, modulates immune responses and promotes cancer progression. In recent decades, the newly emerging IDO inhibitors are regarded as the breakthrough for cancer immunotherapy. Intensified efforts have been increasingly made to, on the one hand, optimize the IDO inhibitors-based combination therapy in clinical trials; on the other hand, develop IDO inhibitors nanomedicines for tumor-targeted delivery in preclinical studies. This review will discuss the types of IDO inhibitors and the relevant clinical trials, especially those of the feasible combined therapeutic modalities. Moreover, it would be the first time to overview the cutting-edge nanomedicines that combine IDO inhibitors with other therapeutic modalities (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT) and immune checkpoint blockade) to effectively improve the effect of cancer therapy. Lastly, the prospects of IDO inhibitors in terms of clinical application and potential breakthroughs will be briefly discussed.
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