Journal
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
Volume 200, Issue 5, Pages 2486-2497Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02808-w
Keywords
Essential elements; Heavy elements; Milk powder; Baby food; ICP-OES
Funding
- Fasa University of Medical Sciences and Health Services [97380]
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The study evaluated trace elements in milk powder and baby food samples marketed in Iran, finding low concentrations of toxic elements with low health risks, making them safe for infants and children.
This study was conducted to evaluate the concentration and health risk of trace elements in milk powder and baby food samples marketed in Iran using inductive couple plasma/optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were ranged from 1.80 x 10(-5) to 2.17 x 10(-3) and 6.00 x 10(-5) to 7.22 x 10(-3) mg/kg, respectively, with recoveries ranged from 92 to 105%. Zinc (Zn) was found in a high mean concentration (8.49 x 10(-1) +/- 3.93 x 10(-2) mg/kg) in milk powder, and iron (Fe) was found in the highest mean concentration (2.04 +/- 3.61 x 10(-2) mg/kg) in baby food. The Monte Carlo simulation results for the infants revealed that the rank order of the hazard quotient (HQ) index was mercury (Hg) > nickel (Ni) > arsenic (As) > cadmium (Cd) > aluminum (Al). Further, the result of non-carcinogenic and probability of carcinogenic risk was lower than the limits of safe risk (HQ > 1 and cancer risk (CR) > 1 x 10(-4)). In conclusion, the toxic elements content in the tested products was sufficiently low, and all of the milk powder and baby food sold in Iran could be considered safe for infants and children.
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