Journal
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Volume 97, Issue 1, Pages 195-216Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/brv.12796
Keywords
asexual hybrids; B chromosomes; chromatin diminution; chromosomal lagging; micronuclei; programmed DNA elimination; sex chromosomes
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Funding
- Russian Science Foundation [20-74-00030]
- Russian Science Foundation [20-74-00030] Funding Source: Russian Science Foundation
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Genome stability is crucial for eukaryotic organisms, but some organisms can selectively eliminate part of their genomes during specific developmental stages. Programmed DNA elimination, occurring independently in different organisms, serves as a mechanism for dosage compensation and inactivation of unnecessary or dangerous genetic entities. Genome elimination in hybrids results from competition between parental genomes.
Genome stability is a crucial feature of eukaryotic organisms because its alteration drastically affects the normal development and survival of cells and the organism as a whole. Nevertheless, some organisms can selectively eliminate part of their genomes from certain cell types during specific stages of ontogenesis. This review aims to describe the phenomenon of programmed DNA elimination, which includes chromatin diminution (together with programmed genome rearrangement or DNA rearrangements), B and sex chromosome elimination, paternal genome elimination, parasitically induced genome elimination, and genome elimination in animal and plant hybrids. During programmed DNA elimination, individual chromosomal fragments, whole chromosomes, and even entire parental genomes can be selectively removed. Programmed DNA elimination occurs independently in different organisms, ranging from ciliate protozoa to mammals. Depending on the sequences destined for exclusion, programmed DNA elimination may serve as a radical mechanism of dosage compensation and inactivation of unnecessary or dangerous genetic entities. In hybrids, genome elimination results from competition between parental genomes. Despite the different consequences of DNA elimination, all genetic material destined for elimination must be first recognised, epigenetically marked, separated, and then removed and degraded.
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