Journal
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
Volume 1867, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166131
Keywords
Nanoparticles; Prenatal therapy; Microfluidics; Fetus; Placenta; Pregnancy
Funding
- New Frontiers Research Fund - Exploration Grant [NFRFE-2019-00210]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN-2020-05679]
- 'College of Pharmacy Undergraduate Summer Research Award' (CoP-URA), University of Manitoba
- 'Undergraduate Research Award' (URA), University of Manitoba
- GETS funding
- College of Pharmacy Graduate Research Award from the University of Manitoba
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Current medications for pregnant women may pose fetal risks, prompting the use of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to minimize these risks. Understanding the transfer of nanoparticles from mother to fetus is crucial, and placenta-on-a-chip offers a physiologically relevant in vitro model for assessment. There is a need for dynamic placenta-on-a-chip models to evaluate the safety of novel nanoparticle-based therapies during pregnancy.
Pregnant women often have to take medication either for pregnancy-related diseases or for previously existing medical conditions. Current maternal medications pose fetal risks due to off target accumulation in the fetus. Nanoparticles, engineered particles in the nanometer scale, have been used for targeted drug delivery to the site of action without off-target effects. This has opened new avenues for treatment of pregnancy-associated diseases while minimizing risks on the fetus. It is therefore instrumental to study the potential transfer of nanoparticles from the mother to the fetus. Due to limitations of in vivo and ex vivo models, an in vitro model mimicking the in vivo situation is essential. Placenta-on-a-chip provides a microphysiological recapitulation of the human placenta. Here, we reviewed the fetal risks associated with current therapeutic approaches during pregnancy, analyzed the advantages and limitations of current models used for nanoparticle assessment, and highlighted the current need for using dynamic placenta-on-a-chip models for assessing the safety of novel nanoparticle-based therapies during pregnancy.
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