Journal
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
Volume 1866, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158907
Keywords
Acyltransferase; Glycerolipid; Lipid droplet; Phosphatidic acid; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Yeast
Funding
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P26308, P32040]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P26308, P32040] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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Phosphatidic acid biosynthesis is the key process in glycerolipid metabolism, involving two consecutive acylation reactions. Yeast and mammals have additional pathways for phosphatidic acid synthesis. Further research is needed to understand this biosynthesis process and the entire lipid metabolic network.
Phosphatidic acid biosynthesis represents the initial part of de novo formation of all glycerophospholipids (membrane lipids) as well as triacylglycerols (storage lipids), and is thus the centerpiece of glycerolipid metabolism. The universal route of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis starts from the precursor glycerol-3-phosphate and comprises two consecutive acylation reactions which are catalyzed by a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and a 1-acyl glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. In addition, yeast and mammals harbor a set of enzymes which can synthesize phosphatidic acid from the precursor dihydroxyacetone phosphate. In the present review our current knowledge about enzymes contributing to phosphatidic acid biosynthesis in the invaluable model organism yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is summarized. A special focus is laid upon the regulation and the localization of these enzymes. Furthermore, research needs for a deeper insight into the high complexity of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis and consequently the entire lipid metabolic network is presented.
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