Reactive oxygen species: The Yin and Yang in (auto-)immunity

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by immune cells in response to antigens. They are produced mostly in the mitochondria and their levels are tightly controlled by a series of metabolic processes. ROS are necessary for the development of the immune response but the role of ROS in the development of autoimmune disease needs further clarification. Early clinical information points to the beneficial role of supplementation of antioxidant agents or the reduction of ROS production. We review recent information in the field in an effort to identify areas more studies are needed.

Automated summary

ROS are reactive oxygen species produced by immune cells in response to antigens, predominantly in the mitochondria and tightly regulated by metabolic processes. While necessary for the development of the immune response, the role of ROS in autoimmune disease requires further clarification. Initial clinical data suggests potential benefits in supplementing with antioxidants or reducing ROS production, prompting the need for more research in this area.